Can We Tackle Climate Change Without Fixing Our Broken Food Systems? – Does COP29 hold the answer

Can We Tackle Climate Change Without Fixing Our Broken Food Systems? – Does COP29 hold the answer

by | Nov 27, 2024 | Hot Topics in nutrition, Food category comment, The Nation’s Health

We commissioned Marta Buczkowska to attend the food related sessions at COP29 and report back to us. Here is what she had to say which makes for an enlightening read.

Marta Buczkowska

Marta Buczkowska – Registered Dietitian

The main purpose of COP29

For the past 19 years, government representatives, scientists, activists, and members of the private and non-governmental sectors have convened annually at the United Nations (UN) Conference of the Parties (COP) to assess global progress in addressing climate change1. This year, COP29 took place in Baku, Azerbaijan, from November 11 to 21, with a spotlight on climate financing, climate mitigation and adaptation funds, and energy transition.

While last year’s COP28 placed a strong emphasis on agriculture, this year’s agenda—led by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)—continued to highlight the pivotal role of transforming agri-food systems in combating the consequences of climate change. FAO organized a series of panels over the two weeks, with November 19 officially designated as Food, Agriculture, and Water Day.

But has this year’s COP delivered meaningful progress for agri-food systems worldwide? What are the most significant takeaways from the perspectives of agriculture and health? And, most importantly, will we see an acceleration in the transition towards sustainable food systems any time soon?

In this blog, I’ll provide a summary of the key discussions and insights about food systems shared during COP29 in Baku.

What role does the food system play in climate change discussions?

„The only way to reduce carbon emissions and restore nature on the path to limiting global warming to 1.5 degrees Celsius is to transform our agrifood systems” – the Director-General of FAO, QU Dongyu said in his opening remarks.

Even though the crucial role of agrifood systems in climate mitigation efforts is clear, this sector remains thoroughly underfunded. It is estimated that to meet the global net-zero targets, food systems would require even $1 trillion annually by 20302. However, currently, just over 4% of total climate finance is directed toward food systems. Of this, 65% is allocated to developed countries, while only 20% supports small-scale transformation projects in developing nations. Alarmingly, less than 1% reaches individual farmers3.

Why do developing countries need more money to better cope with climate change?

As highlighted at various panels, this trend needs to drastically change if we want to have a chance to meet the Paris Agreement declarations4 and keep the global temperature raise below 1.5*C. Small scale farmers in developing countries receive the least financing, while experiencing the most drastic consequences of climate change and more often than not, being among 730mln people facing hunger today. In 2023 extreme weather conditions, such as floods and draughts, were the primary reason for experiencing hunger in 18 countries – home to over 77m people – most of them in Africa and South East Asia5. Beyond reduced yields, climate change has been shown to negatively impact nutritional quality of staple crops across Africa and South East Asia – including rice, wheat, barley or potatoes6. Raising temperatures can compromise cows’ ability to produce milk7, while increased carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations and changing nitrogen and phosphorus balance may lead to a reduction in protein content by up to 10-15% and an increase in starches and free sugars8– negatively affecting already compromised food security across local communities. Increased financing is also desperately needed for innovation, better feed or animal vaccines. As discussed during the ‘Decarbonizing the Food Value Chains: Transformative Financing for Rice, Dairy & Beed Sectors to Reduce Methane’ session, currently, 80% of global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from dairy sector comes from emerging markets. However, most existing programs designed to reduce these emissions are not only costly but are often tailored specifically to the needs and conditions of developed countries, making them less accessible or effective for emerging markets.

As wisely highlighted by one of the panelists – we need to have two separate discussions about sustainable food transformation in developed and developing countries – as the challenges we face are completely different; from increasing food security and nutrient adequacy for people living in the global South, to limiting meat and dairy consumption and shifting towards alternative protein sources in the global North.

Tools to accelerate sustainable transition proposed at COP29

Some of the most discussed solutions included:

  • Digitalisation, such as using satellites, Artificial Intelligence- (AI) and machine learning-based solutions to better predict the weather conditions or measure soil quality.
  • Incentivising the production of more climate-resilient crops – such as genetically modified rice, beans and legumes resilient to changing phosphorus and nitrogen balance in the soil & fortification and biofortification of staple foods to increase their nutritional adequacy.
  • Including more plant-based and locally sourced foods in public procurement, such as school meals. Similar actions have already been taken both in higher- and lower-income countries – for example Brazil’s National School Feeding Program, requires 30% of its food procurement to be sourced from small, local farmers9, while Milan introduced green school canteen program prioritizing local and seasonal products and lower red meat consumption leading to a 43% reduction in CO2 emissions between 2015 and 202110-11
  • Cultivated meat – development of this sector could bring benefits far beyond reducing agricultural GHG emission, including jobs or new technologies that could be applied to developing vaccines or developing synthetic materials like bioplastic from cultivated meat by-products.
  • Voluntary carbon markets – markets where private actors (companies) buy and sell carbon credits that represent reduction or removals of GHG in the atmosphere12. In this context, it is the markets where companies invest in agrifood systems solutions – often based in developing countries – to offset their emissions. Although this method has the potential to drive innovation and profit, most of the money is invested in the export-oriented goods, such as almonds or pistachios rather than local staple foods like sorghum or millet, making it less profitable for local farmers to participate in such projects.

Although many panelists presented innovative solutions, some discussions were sadly very much focused on maintaining the current status quo. The panel titled “Is Net-Zero food within reach? Tackling Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Livestock Production” discussed ‘sustainable production intensification’ or using cow’s feed containing methane inhibitors to reduce livestock methane emissions in the developed countries. It did not mention the need to reduce meat and dairy consumption already thoroughly discussed in numerous esteemed publications worldwide13-14 – including in the British Dietetic Association’s One Blue Dot Reference Guide15.

Should the lack of discussions regarding limiting the consumption of animal-based products in favour of plant-based foods surprise us? At first glance – perhaps, but after looking closer at the COP attendee list, it becomes less shocking. According to The Guardian, more than 200 industrial farming lobbyist – including PepisiCo, Elanco or JBS – one of the biggest meat producers in the world, attended COP29. 40% of them travelled to Baku as part of countries’ delegations16 and presented among climate activists, scientists and world leaders. Their presence at the most important climate summit in the world raises significant concerns about the conflict of interest, as while studies unanimously conclude a drastic reduction in meat and dairy consumption in developed countries is desperately needed, the industry continues to lobby against tougher regulations and commitments.

Key COP29 outcomes

Throughout the last two weeks we have heard about a number of small to middle-scale agricultural projects introduced worldwide along with more and less innovative solutions to transform our food systems, but has COP29 brought about any specific commitments?

  • On November 19 Climate and Clean Air Coalition consisting of COP29 presidency and United Nations Environment Programme launched the Reducing Methane from Organic Waste Declaration17 building up on the Global Methane Pledge launched at COP26.The declaration has been signed by 30 member states – including the United Kingdom, who together represent 47% global methane emissions from organic waste18.
  • COP Presidency and FAO launched the Baku Harmoniya Climate Initiative for Farmers17 – a platform to empower farmers and local communities to introduce change and to help politicians identify opportunities for future policies. It also seeks to strengthen rural communities, with a particular focus on women empowerment. 

This year’s COP has shown us that hundreds of thousands of innovative projects are driving the transition toward more sustainable food systems worldwide. Yet, the greatest challenge lies in scaling these initiatives and ensuring they reach those who need them most. Achieving this requires significant financing and collaboration among diverse stakeholders – including farmers, politicians, local communities, scientists and activists, and the courage to confront powerful lobbying forces that continue to defend the status quo.

The question remains: will global leaders rise to the occasion, or will the opportunity to transform our food systems slip through our fingers? I guess we will learn the answer in the upcoming years. We’d love to hear your thoughts—what do you think needs to happen to drive meaningful change?

References

  1. United Nations Climate Change. Conference of the Parties (COP). https://unfccc.int/process/bodies/supreme-bodies/conference-of-the-parties-cop
  2. Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). COP29: FAO says agrifood systems transformation holds solutions for the climate crisis. https://www.fao.org/newsroom/detail/cop29–fao-says-agrifood-systems-transformation-holds-solutions-for-the-climate-crisis/en
  3. Barbara Buchner BN, Rajashree Padmanabhi, Sean Stout, Costanza Strinati, Dharshan Wignarajah, Gaoyi Miao, Jake Connolly and Nikita Marini. Global Landscape of Climate Finance 2023. Vol. 56. 2023. https://www.climatepolicyinitiative.org/publication/global-landscape-of-climate-finance-2023/
  4. THE PARIS AGREEMENT. https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/parisagreement_publication.pdf
  5. Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). Global Report on Food Crises: Acute hunger remains persistently high in 59 countries with 1 in 5 people assessed in need of critical urgent action. https://www.fao.org/newsroom/detail/global-report-on-food-crises—acute-hunger-remains-persistently-high-in-59-countries-with-1-in-5-people-assessed-in-need-of-critical-urgent-action/en
  6. Victor Owino CK, Beatrice Ekesa, Megan E. Parker, Laina Ewoldt, Nanna Roos, Warren T. Lee, Daniel Tome. The impact of climate change on food systems, diet quality, nutrition, and health outcomes: A narrative review. Front Clim. 2022;4doi:https://doi.org/10.3389/fclim.2022.941842
  7. Gauly M, Ammer S. Review: Challenges for dairy cow production systems arising from climate changes. Animal. 2020/01/01/ 2020;14:s196-s203. doi:https://doi.org/10.1017/S1751731119003239
  8. Taub DR, Miller B, Allen H. Effects of elevated CO2 on the protein concentration of food crops: a meta-analysis. Global Change Biology. 2008;14(3):565-575. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01511.x
  9. Sidaner E, Balaban D, Burlandy L. The Brazilian school feeding programme: an example of an integrated programme in support of food and nutrition security. Public Health Nutr. Jun 2013;16(6):989-94. doi:10.1017/s1368980012005101
  10. SCHOOL MEALS – the transformative potential of urban food policies. 2024.
  11. Maryam Rezaei NM. Beyond nutrition: Can school feeding address climate and food system challenges? ODI Global2024.
  12. The Integrity Council of Voluntary Carbon Markets. https://icvcm.org/voluntary-carbon-market-explained/
  13. Hedenus F, Wirsenius S, Johansson DJA. The importance of reduced meat and dairy consumption for meeting stringent climate change targets. Climatic Change. 2014/05/01 2014;124(1):79-91. doi:10.1007/s10584-014-1104-5
  14. Willett W, Rockström J, Loken B, et al. Food in the Anthropocene: the EAT&#x2013;<em>Lancet</em> Commission on healthy diets from sustainable food systems. The Lancet. 2019;393(10170):447-492. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(18)31788-4
  15. British Dietetic Association (BDA). One Blue Dot. Eating patterns for health and environmental sustainability. Vol. 92. 2020. https://www.bda.uk.com/static/539e2268-7991-4d24-b9ee867c1b2808fc/a1283104-a0dd-476b-bda723452ae93870/one%20blue%20dot%20reference%20guide.pdf
  16. Sherrington R. Hundreds of lobbyists for industrial farming attend Cop29 climate summit. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2024/nov/19/hundreds-of-lobbyists-for-industrial-farming-attend-cop29-climate-summit
  17. Countries Representing Nearly 50% of Global Methane Emissions From Organic Waste Pledge to Reduce Emissions From Sector | Day Nine – Food, Water and Agriculture Day. 2024. https://cop29.az/en/media-hub/news/countries-representing-nearly-50-of-global-methane-emissions-from-organic-waste-pledge-to-reduce-emissions-from-sector
  18. Action on Climate Change. COP29 – Transforming Agri-Food Systems. 2024.

 

 

THE DEBATE OVER THE POWER OF PLANT-BASED DRINKS: PUTTING THE MISCONCEPTIONS TO BED

THE DEBATE OVER THE POWER OF PLANT-BASED DRINKS: PUTTING THE MISCONCEPTIONS TO BED

by | Mar 7, 2018 | Hot Topics in nutrition, Food category comment, Media in context, Education, Resources worth having

Below is a Press Release from the Alpro Science & Nutrition Team this week which we felt was worth sharing as it highlights a new and extensive review on the nutrition of plant-based drinks addressing a number of nutritional misconceptions.

PRESS RELEASE: 7TH March 2018
THE DEBATE OVER THE POWER OF PLANT-BASED DRINKS:
PUTTING THE MISCONCEPTIONS TO BED

7th March 2018: The debate on the benefits of plant-based eating, including plant-based drinks, is a hot topic with opposing messages from supporters and sceptics on the quality and quantity of protein, vitamins and minerals, and their role within the government’s Eatwell Guide. Hardly surprising then that the subject of plant power and placing plant foods first get regular column inches focusing on everything from the environment to health and, of course, the government guidance perspective.

So what is the truth and how confident can you be in championing plant foods to consumers?

Well, the good news is that consumers have already come to the smart conclusion and are considering plant power more and more in their diets. In fact, a plant based white paper, authored to celebrate this week’s Plant Power Day on 7th March, shows that more than half of UK shoppers say they are planning or considering adding more plant-based food and drink into their diets over the next year, with, health, weight loss and the environment being the biggest motivators for buying plant-based.1

One of the most accessible ways of doing this, is through the consumption of plant-based drinks, the production of which makes more efficient use of the earth’s resources using less land, water and produces fewer greenhouse gas emissions than dairy. They are, in the main, low in saturated fats, which is good news for heart health (heart disease remains UK’s no.1 killer) and the fortified drinks provide important nutrients for bone health: calcium and vitamin D.*

But, never one to sit smugly on our laurels, to resolve any continuing misconceptions around plant-based drinks and plant-based eating, Vanessa Clarkson, independent expert, registered dietitian and nutritionist, was invited to take a deep dive into the scientific evidence and provide a balanced critique of the role of plant-based drinks in the UK diet.

The evidence was vast (over 60 of the most up to date publications were reviewed) resulting in the production of an 8-page review fact sheet. The conclusion clearly indicates that plant-powered drinks should be on everyone’s shopping list alongside an array of other healthful plant-based foods.2

To read the fully referenced 8-page scientific review please click here.

Key findings:
• Soya and other plant-based drinks provide many nutrients and can thus contribute positively to overall nutritional intakes.
• In the main, plant-based drinks have low levels of total fats that are predominantly unsaturated.
• Cow’s milk is not a crucial provider of protein in the UK or Irish diets (with the exception of toddlers) – therefore switching to a non-soya plant-based drink will impact little on total protein intake.
o Cows’s milk contributes just 7-8% of protein intakes in UK 11-65+ years and just 10% of Irish adult population intakes.
• Sugars: consumers have a choice to opt for sweetened or unsweetened plant-based drinks. Even sweetened plain plant-based drinks provide just 2.8g sugars per 100ml (range 1.2g–3.8g).
• Vitamins and minerals.
o With the exception of organic variants, all leading brands of plant-based drinks are fortified with calcium to a level comparable to that found in cow’s milk and with a similar bioavailability. Moreover, many are also fortified with vitamin D, which further supports calcium absorption.
o With the exception of organic variants, most soya and other plant-based drinks are fortified with vitamin B12.
o Iodine, not normally found in plant-based drinks, can be found a balanced diet which includes other sources such as dairy products, sea food and eggs.
• Plant-based diets support population health outcomes for cardiovascular health, body weight and blood glucose control. Furthermore, nutrients needed for optimal bone health are also readily available in plant foods.
• Plant foods in general, make more efficient use of the earth’s resources – a key point which should not be overlooked in light of global population growth and climate change.

So, in short, you should confidently recommend plant-based drinks and eating as a healthy source of nutrition and finally put the ongoing debate to rest.

– – END – –

1. Alpro Censuswide survey of 1,568 consumers, conducted between 21-23 February 2018.
2. Vanessa Clarkson RD, RNutr. Fact sheet March 2018: The Role of Plant-based Drinks in the British and Irish Diet. Alpro Health Professional website/resources. Available by clicking here.

The fact sheet was sponsored by an education grant from Alpro UK Science and Nutrition department.

* Calcium & vitamin D, as part of a healthy balanced diet and lifestyle, contribute to the maintenance of normal bones. In children, calcium and vitamin, as part of a healthy balanced diet and lifestyle, are needed for normal growth and development of bone in children.

Plant Power Day – 7th March 2018: We’re asking you to put plants first on 7th March 2018.
This means, just for one day, thinking about plant-based foods first when it comes to your food and drink choices… And making every meal a PLANQUET.

A planquet can be big or small, from a plant-based feast with friends or family, to a plant-based breakfast al desko. It just needs to make plants the star of the show. You can do it all day, or just the once. For example:
• Making your porridge with almond drink and topping with berries, nuts and seeds
• Whizzing an oat drink into your morning smoothie
• Picking up a soya, coconut or almond latte on your way to work
• Sprinkling almonds, walnuts, sunflower and pumpkin seeds onto your favourite salads, then adding other protein sources, if you fancy
• Packing out tomato-based sauces with lentils, split peas and grated veg first. Then, trying your chilli or bolognese veggie – or adding meat, if you like
• Adding beans, lentils, chickpeas and spices to soups, stews, curries and casseroles

Press contact: Tanya Haffner – Nutrilicious – tanya@nutrilicious.co.uk – 020 8455 2126

 

Top Nutrition News Headlines 4 Dec – A Nutrilicious digest

Top Nutrition News Headlines 4 Dec – A Nutrilicious digest

by | Dec 4, 2017 | Retail, Food category comment, Media in context, The Nation’s Health, Surveys and insights

Each week we analyse some of the hot headlines in health and nutrition news. This week cheese; obesity & diabetes/cancer risk; and sugar reduction in Kellogg’s cereals.

 

HEADLINE 1: A piece of cheese a day keeps the doctor away

Picked up in the news this week by the Daily Mail, The Express, The Sun, The Independent and The Guardian is the suggestion that eating cheese could reduce the risk of heart attacks and strokes.

This is based on a meta-analysis of studies which concluded that consuming 40g of cheese per day reduced the risk of heart attack by 14% and stroke by 10%.

Behind the headlines: the Nutrilicious dietetic view

While cheese lovers are likely to have rejoiced, there are limitations to the research on which the headlines were based. The lack of randomised controlled trials included within the meta-analysis means that no causal relationship can be assumed between eating cheese and risk of heart disease. There are far too many factors which could interfere with the results.

Interestingly, there are previous large studies that have found no association between heart disease and eating cheese. Again, it can be hard to prove that it is the cheese eating that is causing the effects.  

The harm that eating too much cheese can cause to health is well documented. Although it is a good source of protein, calcium, phosphorous and vitamin B12, it can also be high in saturated fats. Having too much saturated fat in the diet can increase levels of LDL cholesterol in the blood, which is an established risk factor for heart disease. A 30g portion of cheddar cheese (a matchbox size) contains 6.5g saturated fat (over a quarter of the reference intake for saturated fat – 20g). It can also be quite easy to go above this recommended portion size. 

Some cheeses can be high in salt and there is a lot of evidence to show that too much salt can increase the risk of high blood pressure, another risk factor for cardiovascular disease.

Cheese can be enjoyed as part of a healthy diet if eaten in moderation and can provide a valuable source of various nutrients. Sticking to the recommended 30g portion size and opting for lower fat varieties such as lighter/reduced fat cheddars, cottage cheese and ricotta, can help ensure we don’t exceed our recommended maximum amount of saturated fat.

Moreover, foods such as low-fat yogurts and lower fat milks can also provide us with calcium and protein (two of the key nutrients found in cheese) but provide less saturated fats (as well as fewer calories, which would be helpful for those trying to lose weight).

For more information, go to British Heart Foundation and the NHS

 

HEADLINE 2: Diabetes is a key factor in WORLDWIDE cancer surge

The Express, The Sun and The Daily Mail reported on a finding that diabetes and obesity have been linked to causing cancer.

Researchers found that people with a high BMI (defined as above 25kg/m) who also had diabetes were behind 5.6% of new cancer cases globally, affecting 792,600 people in 2012. The method used was through assessing the increase in new cases of 18 cancers based on the prevalence of diabetes and high BMI in 175 countries (using data about BMI and diabetes in 2002 and cancers recorded in 2012).

Behind the headlines: the Nutrilicious dietetic view

This is an interesting study as it is the first study to have looked at the combined effect of having diabetes and obesity on cancer risk. Whilst the headlines alert us to the finding that over 5% of cancers were attributable to diabetes and cancer, there were significant differences between various groups of people, regions and types of cancer which should be noted. These are discussed in the original study. For example, cancers attributable to diabetes and being overweight were nearly twice as common in women (496,700 cases) as they were in men (295,900 cases).

It should be noted that there were limitations of the study. It is questionable whether the 10-year gap used between recording diabetes and high BMI to cancer incidence is entirely appropriate to enable conclusions to be drawn, as recognised by the researchers.

What we understand already is that obesity is certainly a risk factor for cancer. Analysis conducted by the World Cancer Research Fund has found that being overweight (BMI 25kg- 29.9/m) or obese (BMI 30kg/m and above) increases the risk of 11 types of cancer.

The Diabetes UK website outlines the link between diabetes and cancer. Some of the complications associated with diabetes can increase the risk of cancer. However, well-managed diabetes can help reduce the risk of any complications. Diabetes UK have given their thoughts on this study and stated that, “Diabetes doesn’t directly cause cancer, but this study adds to the evidence that having diabetes can increase the risk of certain types of cancer.”

The main message to take home from these headlines is that the increasing prevalence of obesity and diabetes may lead to an increase in risk of certain cancers. Maintaining a healthy weight, eating well, keeping physically active, not smoking, and not exceeding the government guidelines for alcohol consumption can all help lower the risk of diabetes and cancer.

For more information, go to Diabetes UK and WCRF

 

HEADLINE 3: Kellogg’s to cut sugar in kids’ cereals by up to 40%

Also in the news this week is the announcement that Kellogg’s will cut the sugar levels in children’s cereals by up to 40%. This was reported by the BBC, the Daily Mail, the Evening Standard, The Times and The Sun.

Kellogg’s have said they will reduce sugar levels by 20-40% by the middle of 2018 for Coco Pops, Rice Krispies and Rice Krispies Multi-Grain Shapes. They are also going to stop making Ricicles from January 2018, due to the amount of sugar in the cereal, and are putting a stop to on-pack promotions aimed at children on Frosties.

Behind the headlines: the Nutrilicious dietetic view

This is a very positive and encouraging move from Kellogg’s as the battle to reduce sugar consumption in the UK continues.

In March this year, officials at Public Health England called on food firms to cut sugar by 5% by the end of this year and by 20% by 2020. The Scientific Advisory Committee on Nutrition currently advise that free sugar intake in the UK should account for no more than 5% of our daily energy intake. Advice for the different age groups is as follows:

  • Children 4-6 years – no more than 19g free sugars per day (5 teaspoons)
  • Children 7-10 years – no more than 24g free sugars per day (6 teaspoons)
  • Children 11 years + and adults – no more than 30g free sugars per day (7 teaspoons)  

Although not the highest source of sugar in our diets, cereals do contribute to daily intake, with the most recent National Diet and Nutrition Survey highlighting that cereals are responsible for 5% of the added sugar intakes of adults and 6-8% of that of 4-10-year olds and teens. In our blog post last year A Health Check on New Breakfast Opportunities we discussed the need for more breakfast options to offer lower sugar choices and so this certainly is a positive step forward. With gradually a lesser number of options available that are high in sugar, it may be less overwhelming for consumers to make healthier choices.

Here is how much sugar is currently in the Kellogg’s products and how much they are to be reduced by:

  • Coco Pops – 9g sugar per 30g serving. To be reduced to 5.1g per 30g serving (40% reduction, changing from about 2 teaspoons of sugar to just over 1 teaspoon).
  • Rice Krispies – 3g sugar per 30g serving. To be reduced to 2.4g per 30g serving (20% reduction, changing from ¾ teaspoon of sugar to a little under 2/3 teaspoon of sugar).
  • Rice Krispies Multi-Grain Shapes – 6.3g sugar per 30g serving. To be reduced to 4.5g per 30g serving (30% reduction, changing from about 1.5 teaspoons of sugar to just over 1 teaspoon)

A step forward to reduce the sugar content of any foods available on the market can only surely be a positive one.

For more information, go to Kellogg’s – Sugar and Breakfast Cereal and SACN 2015 – Carbohydrates and Health Report 

A health check on new breakfast opportunities

A health check on new breakfast opportunities

by | Apr 25, 2016 | Food category comment

The growing trend for breakfasting on-the-go and at out of home establishments has been threatening breakfast cereal’s number one spot1. As well as a need for more convenience, breakfast cereals have been hit hard by the recent negative headlines with regard to their sugar content. But are the latest trends going to help improve or will they fuel the obesity epidemic?

What do the Brits fancy for breakfast?
Many surveys claim that up to 42% of us (and almost a quarter of school children) do not always have breakfast, stating time constraints are a major factor2,3. Kantar’s data however shows that only 7.7% of breakfast occasions were actually missed last year. This significant difference could be explained by the growing trend of eating ‘on-the-go’ or away from home which has grown by 10%4.

The UK seems to be slow to change its breakfast habits with the majority of breakfast occasions (84%) still taking place at home and breakfast cereals, toast and porridge remaining top favourites during the week whilst cooked breakfast continues to be popular at weekends2. The growing trend is for eating at catering establishments and portable on-the-go offerings with perceived health credentials such as breakfast biscuits, porridge pots and fruit and nut category, the latter seeing a 21.5% increase in 20152.

Breakfast cereals: UK’s no.1 choice with wholegrain cereals chosen by 37% of us during the week and still claiming over half the share of the market5,6. Many breakfast cereals have now significantly reduced their sugar levels, more ‘no-added-sugar’ variants are gaining shelf-space whilst a few indulgent variants still remain. According the to the latest National Diet and Nutrition Survey (NDNS), breakfast cereals account for just 5% of the added sugar intakes of adults and 6-8% of 4-10 year olds and teens.7 On the other hand, breakfast cereals (especially those that are fortified) do make a significant contribution to key vitamin and mineral intakes:

  • B vitamins, in particular B1, B6 and folate.
    6-9% of our vitamin D intake – vitamin D status is a growing concern in the UK6.
  • Iron: 46% of teenage girls, and almost a quarter of women consume below the low reference nutrient intake (LRNI), which places them at high risk of deficiency. Cereals are a major source of iron contributing to 17% of teens, 23% of 4-10 year olds and 12% of adult intakes.
  • Calcium: mainly due to the addition of milk but a handful are also fortified. Almost a fifth of teenage girls do not meet their LRNI placing them at higher osteoporosis risk in later life.

 

Looks like a hard act to follow, so how do other breakfast choices match up?

Porridge: Oats are making a come-back with 27% of us likely to make this choice in a week5. Porridge oats get a nutritional gold star from us, as they provide the gel-like fibre, beta-glucan, which has been proven to lower cholesterol levels – and boy almost 60% of us need to lower our cholesterol.8,9 However, how we serve them up is critical – piling on the sugar (even demerara sugar), drizzling with honey or syrup and making it with full cream milk converts this saint to a sinner. The porridge revival could be partly explained by the growing ‘on-the-go’ varieties which are now purchased by 9% of consumers4.

Toast continues to be popular for 32% of people during the week5. White toast provides calcium (accounting for 13% of teenagers’ intakes) whilst wholemeal and seeded breads provide fibre which, is highly relevant considering the 2015 new increased UK fibre recommendations6,10. Clearly, what we add to our toast is central to the nutritional quality, nut butters and unsaturated fat spreads providing healthy heart fats, whilst chocolate spreads (yes…that includes the favourite hazelnut and chocolate spread) and preserves are taking us on a sugar high.

Eggs: we can’t seem to get enough of them. Almost 3,000 million eggs are eaten at breakfast every year with one in five of us opting for an eggy breakfast at least once a week11. Eggs, originally classified as a complete nutrient food, provide protein, vitamin D, iron, phosphorus, iodine and selenium. In addition, it is reassuring to know that all the UK heart and health advisory bodies do not limit egg consumption (as the cholesterol found in food does not have a significant effect on blood cholesterol in most people)12. A gold star from us, if boiled or poached, however, the Brits favourite is a fried egg… oops, too much fat.

The growing convenience breakfast trends
Convenience, portability and time-saving options which also provide exceptional nutrition credentials are now in demand. A third of us are eating breakfast away of home at least once a week and 15% of us do so every day according to a Beacon 2015 survey13. In addition, gluten-free and high-protein health claims are also gaining traction4.

Out of home establishments:

  • Greggs and MacDonald’s have a booming breakfast trade, however, the majority of options seem to include sausages and / or cheese which is a recipe for a heart attack with the hefty dose of saturated fat and salt levels. Some of the breakfast options providing up to 80% of daily saturated fat and over ¾ of daily salt recommendations. On the positive note, porridge oats are making an entry, however, for consumers to pick out the handful of healthier options amongst the sea of unhealthy options will be difficult. We feel a better balance and better promotion of healthier options are needed.
  • Coffee shops: Coffees and other drinks on offer can be high in saturated fat and sugar laden, however, the options are there to opt for lower fat milks and sugar-free syrups. The mainstream coffee shops have improved their ‘healthier’ breakfast options with porridge, fruit salads, fruit and nuts and yogurt with granola on offer. However, the low fibre, higher fat and calorie croissants and muffins continue to be more popular.
  • Cooked breakfasts: This is still a popular weekend choice, but with a whopping 800-1,000 calories for a classic fry-up, it has to have a thumbs down from us. Or does it? Making a few requests when ordering can bring this fat and calorie laden classic into healthy repute: poached eggs, beans, grilled lean bacon rasher, mushrooms, tomatoes, one sausage and toast instead of fried bread could almost half the calories whilst still providing fibre, protein as well as essential vitamins and minerals.

On-the-go options
Breakfast drinks, breakfast biscuits and fruit and nut bars have become widely available, albeit at a higher unit cost. All are portion controlled, the breakfast drinks use skimmed milk as the main ingredient and most provide a range of vitamins and minerals – many matching the nutrition profile of breakfast cereals.

Breakfast biscuits: 19% of consumers are opting for breakfast biscuits over cereal bars4. Nutritionally, they mimic cereals from macro and most micronutrients. Calcium and protein levels from the milk added to cereal are clearly lacking in the biscuits, but the leading brand provides clear advice on paring up the biscuits with yogurt and / or fresh fruit / fruit juice. An excellent option in our point of view.

Breakfast drinks: Definitely a very small but growing market that has failed to take off in the past. The Australian number one brand is definitely leading on this category. Many utilise key health slogans such as protein, energy and fibre whilst omitting to highlight their less than impressively sugar content. Nutritionally, they seem to match up with for fat and protein, however, sugar content varies between 18g and 20g per serving compared to cereal at 0-11g per serving. Interestingly, protein content can be exceptionally high and calcium levels per serving are 2 – 3½ fold greater than for most cereals served with milk. This may be advantageous if it appeals to the 19% of teenage girls and 12% of young women who have calcium intakes below the low reference nutrient intakes. Nutrilicious opinion: get that sugar down.

New opportunities
Recent government advice has highlighted the need to cut sugar levels (free sugars to less than 5% total energy intake) and increase fibre intake (to 30g AOAC per day for teens and adults)10. Considering this advice it would seem beneficial for any new breakfast foods to be based on wholegrains and / or provide soluble fibres such as beta-glucans and inulin and to be limited in free sugars as much as possible. The vitamin and mineral fortification of breakfast cereals significantly contributes to the nation’s micronutrient status, thus any new options must ensure that these essential nutrients are not lacking<sup>6</sup>. With on-the-go eating and eating at out of home establishments becoming more popular, it is paramount that options lower in sugar dominate. Sugar is now the big enemy under scrutiny by government, health organisations and pressure groups such as Action on Sugar14. This also applies to porridge pots and cereal pots as not all are low sugar and/or high in fibre. To add to the challenges for innovation, the consumer continuous to demand a great taste as well as a healthy nutrition quality.

Conclusion
When comparing different options, it is clear that healthier options are available whether breakfasting at home, catering establishment, coffee shop or eating on the go. However, the new trends need to focus more on providing a better balance and promoting more of the healthier options. The porridge, fruit and nut, lower fat and sugar free options at catering establishments are a good start, but the likelihood of the consumer choosing these amongst the overwhelming selection of higher fat, salt and sugar options is questionable. Breakfast cereals do contribute significantly to vitamin and mineral intakes especially iron and calcium – and there is a risk for vulnerable groups to become deficient if they begin to move away from these.

With all the above in mind, there are many opportunities to develop new innovative ways to create tasty, convenient, nutritious breakfasts that allow for people on the go to eat a greater variety of foods to help meet their nutritional requirements. Whilst time may be limited for many in the morning, Variety is King in helping consumers achieve adequate nutrient intake.

References

  1. Financial Times Oct 3 (2014). Daneshkhu S: Cereal sales go soggy as breakfast shrinks. http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/771a89b2-4af2-11e4-839a-00144feab7de.html#axzz3zVYhDqes
  2. Agriculture and Horticulture Development Board (AHDB) for Cereals & Oilseeds Market News: Cereals and bread still breakfast mainstays. 14 January 2016. http://cereals.ahdb.org.uk/markets/market-news/2016/january/14/prospects-cereals-and-bread-still-breakfast-mainstays.aspx
  3. British Nutrition Foundation. National Pupil and Teacher Survey 2015 UK Survey Results. https://www.nutrition.org.uk/attachments/article/846/UK%20Pupil%20and%20Teacher%20Survey%20Results%202015.pdf
  4. Grocer March Guide to Breakfast.
  5. Shake Up Your Wake Up, Fun Breakfast Facts (2015). http://www.shakeupyourwakeup.com/why-is-breakfast-important/our-breakfast-foods/fun-breakfast-facts
  6. Bates B et al (2014). National Diet and Nutrition Survey: results from Years 1 to 4 (combined) of the rolling programme for 2008 and 2009 to 2011 and 2012. Available at https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/national-diet-and-nutrition-survey-results-from-years-1-to-4-combined-of-the-rolling-programme-for-2008-and-2009-to-2011-and-2012
  7. Scientific Advisory Committee on Nutrition 2015. Draft Vitamin D and Health report. Scientific consultation: 22 July to 23 September 2015. Available at https://www.gov.uk/government/consultations/consultation-on-draft-sacn-vitamin-d-and-health-report
  8. Heart UK (2016). The Power of Oat Beta Glucan. http://heartuk.org.uk/images/uploads/healthylivingpdfs/HUK_factsheet_F09_OatBetaGlucanF.pdf
  9. Townsend N, Bhatnagar P, Wilkins E, Wickramasinghe K, Rayner M (2015). Cardiovascular disease statistics, 2015. British Heart Foundation: London. Available at https://www.bhf.org.uk/publications/statistics/cvd-stats-2015
  10. Scientific Advisory Committee on Nutrition (2015). Carbohydrates and Health Report. https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/445503/SACN_Carbohydrates_and_Health.pdf
  11. Egg Info (2016). Industry Data. https://www.egginfo.co.uk/egg-facts-and-figures/industry-information/data
  12. Gray J and Griffin B (2009). Eggs and dietary cholesterol – dispelling the myth. Nutr Bull 36,199-211
  13. Beacon. Brits’ breakfast habits a big boost for the economy as people spend £76 million every day on eating out for breakfast. Survey 2015. Available at http://www.digitalnewsroom.co.uk/beacon/brits-breakfast-habits-a-big-boost-for-the-economy/
  14. Action on Sugar (2015). Breakfast Cereals Survey 2015. http://www.actiononsalt.org.uk/actiononsugar/Press%20Release%20/146900.pdf
Breaking the fast thoughts – will the breakfast cereal decline impact on diet quality?

Breaking the fast thoughts – will the breakfast cereal decline impact on diet quality?

by | Dec 11, 2015 | Food category comment

The first-meal of the day is changing. Long ago, bacon-and-eggs were popular (and they still are for those anxious about carbohydrates, or for those staying in hotels where others will wash the greasy pans). Then there were periods of battle between toast-and-something or breakfast cereals and milk. Ready-to-eat (RTE) cereals are still the most popular start to the day, but sales are described as, ‘soggy’1 as items that are more portable gain ground: breakfast drinks and biscuits can be orally crammed while running late to the station or school. Or perhaps these on-the-run breakfast products are needed to balance the portable communication bars so constantly held in the other hand?

Other themes have put pressure on manufacturers of RTE cereals. Demands for salt and sugar reduction, demands for gluten-free variants, and shifts in consumer perceptions that carbohydrates are less healthy, and that more proteins is always a good thing.

But most-recent data report that RTE cereals contribute only 8% of free sugars intakes to the diets of children under 10 years of age, and less than 6% to the diets of teenagers2. And what appears extraordinary, is the view of some consumers that the three minutes it may take to eat cereal and milk in the morning, is two minutes too long.

But are these shifts in breakfast patterns a threat to the nutrient quality of diets, which may be a particular issue for the diets of children and teenagers? There is a near-constancy of data supporting the benefits of regularly including nutrient-enriched cereals into diets. Child and adolescent RTE cereal eaters appear be at lower risk of being overweight3,4. Also, breakfast cereal eating is associated with higher intakes of some micronutrients. In a study of more than 1200 European 12-17 year olds4, the RTE cereal-eating teens had higher intakes of various B vitamins, vitamin D, calcium and potassium. A review of various commonly-consumed breakfast cereals5 confirms their contributions to a wide variety of micronutrients, as well a typically contributing to intakes of fibre, whole grain and protein.

Not eating breakfast cereals does not mean not eating these nutrients: there are plenty of other food sources of course. But because they are such a rich and reliable source, it just means that regular intakes are a quick and easy short-cut to the assurance that children and teens have an early-morning head start to better diets. RTE cereal eating may be especially beneficial in the diets of those trying to limit energy6, and in those on low incomes, where there may be a lower variety of other nutrient-dense foods7.

It will be interesting to watch and monitor the national diet and nutrition surveys and see how changing breakfast choices may impact on the nutrient intakes of different groups within the population. In the meantime the slightly unexplained tight-squeeze of time in the morning certainly needs to be battled-against. Some planning of a calm breakfast, the night-before, is one way to encourage the interest of children and teens in sitting down to a few spoons of cereal. The technique of do-as-I-do must also be borne in mind by advocating parents. Lastly, some concessions to variety of products and comforting aura’s helps (suggestion: breakfast Swedish-style with candles and the strict rule of no-electronics at the table!).

 

Information sources:

  1. Financial Times Oct 3 2014. Daneshkhu S: Cereal sales go soggy as breakfast shrinks. www.FT.com (accessed 9.11.15)
  2. Bates B et al (2014) National Diet and Nutrition Survey (NDNS) Result for year 1 to year 4 (combined) of the rolling programme 2008-2012. PHE & FSA, London
  3. De la Hunty A, Gibson S, Ashwell M (2013) Does regular breakfast cereal consumption help children and adolescents stay slimmer? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Obesity Facts 6, 1, 70-85
  4. Michels N, De Henauw S, Breidenassel C et al (2015) European adolescent ready-to-eat cereal (RTEC) consumers have a healthier dietary intake and body composition compared to non-RTEC consumers
  5. Ruxton C (2014) The Role of Breakfast Cereals in Improving Public Health. Complete Nutrition, 14, 3, 69-71
  6. Reeves S (2015) The Role of Breakfast Cereal in Contributing to Nutrient Shortfalls Associated with Low Calorie Diets. Complete Nutrition, 15, 3, 59-61
  7. Holmer BA, Kaffa N, Campbell K & Sanders TAB (2012) The contribution of breakfast cereals to the nutritional intake of the materially deprived UK population. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 66, 10-17

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